Nervous investors sold bank stocks amid growing realization that the U.S. banking system may need fresh injection of capital from Federal Reserve.

The $30 billion deposit from 11 largest banks in the U.S. may shore up confidence in First Republic for a while, but regulators will struggle to arrange similar temporary fixes as losses mount in the assets held by regional and large banks.

Financial and bank regulators are lagging in the fast evolving crisis in the mid-sized banks, aided by the rapid rise in interest rates.

Banks resumed selloff amid growing worries of the rising interest rate risks evolving to deposit risks forcing banks to raise more capital and seek merger partners. Crude oil dropped to a new 15-month low.

New worries of the health of the banking system added to market jitters as investors grappled to separate undercapitalized banks that may suffer from high interest rate risks.

Market indexes in the U.S. and Europe dropped sharply on the growing realization that rising interest rate risks could lead to deposit risks and may create conditions for a bank run at undercapitalized banks.

Swift and strong actions by bank regulators and government officials calmed market nerves. However, banks of all sizes face larger interest rate risks and worries of deposit outflows as the economy slows down and higher rates stay longer.



Market indexes advanced after overall inflation eased in February. Regional banks rebounded and trimmed losses of the previous three sessions. Moody's lowered its view on the entire U.S. banking system and placed six banks on its watch list.

Treasury yields dropped the most since 1987 after a 3-dey decline extended losses to the levels not seen in decades as investors grappled with what else financial regulators and the Federal Reserve bankers do not know.

Financial regulators and Treasury officials worked together to prevent the SVB fallout from spreading to other banks and keep the banking system stable. Despite the swift actions, future interest rate hikes are only going to exacerbate the situation for thinly capitalized banks with a higher percentage of uninsured deposit base.

The rapid demise of Silicon Valley Bank highlighted fragility of the banking system and inadequacies of the regulatory system. Investors shunned bank stocks in the US and Europe and major averages dropped 2%.

Major averages lacked direction after employers expanded payrolls at a brisk pace in February but wage gains moderated. Treasury yields plunged. About 15% of S&P 500 index stocks traded at new 52-week lows.

The S&P 500 and the Nasdaq Composite indexes fell 2% ahead of the closely watched nonfarm payroll report on Friday. Energy prices in New York and Europe declined.

Major averages meandered on rate path worries and kept investors on edge ahead of Friday's nonfarm employment report.



Private payrolls data suggested that despite multiple rate hikes the U.S. economy is standing strong and faster rate hikes may be needed to cool inflation to the long run average of 2%.